ABSTRACT
A swift, precise and simple HPLC bioanalytical technique with UV detection was established and validated for quantitative estimation of valsartan in human plasma. The analyte was separated from plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and chromatographically separated on Zorbax SB-C18 [5 micro m, 4.6mm x 15cm] column. The solvent mixture system consisting of acetonitrile, water and glacial acetic acid [40:59:1 v/v], was pumped using isocratic mode at 1mL/min flow rate. Samples' detection of drug was made spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 264nm. The analyte response was instituted to be linear from 0.06 to 8 micro g/mL with a regression value of 0.999. The accuracy of the proposed method was ranged between 97.2-100.3% with 5% RSD. The analytical recovery [>95%] was consistently observed and satisfactory sample stability was also found at different environmental conditions. In conclusion the reported bio-analytical method is easy and robust that was successfully utilized in estimation of valsartan in a pharmacokinetic study
ABSTRACT
In this study, occurrence of adverse drug reactions in female patients receiving chemotherapy were analyzed. Various drugs prescribed for cancer patients for compensation of these adverse reactions were also noted. Study was conducted on 83 female cancer patients selected randomly from a recent record of six months in KIRAN [Karachi Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine] hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Only those cases were selected in which patients received at least three cycles of cancer chemotherapy. The collected reports were analyzed for patients' data, drug details, causality, preventability and severity of adverse effects. Causality was assessed by the World Health Organization [WHO] causality assessment scale. Preventability and severity of ADRs were assessed by Naranjo's Algorithm and modified Hartwig's and Siegel scale. Out of n=83 females, n=55 [66.26%] females were married. Majority belonged to lower socioeconomic class [n=64, 77.10%]. In the 40-49 years age group 30.12% [n=25] adverse drug reactions [ADRs] were seen whereas 26.50% [n=22] ADRs in 50-59 years of age and 25.30% [n=21] ADRs in 30-39 years of age group were observed. The cases observed were of breast cancer [n=52, 62.65%], ovarian cancer [n=l4, 16.86%], Gl Cancer [n=8, 9.63%], and others that include head and neck cancer [n=3, 3.61%], lymphomas [n=3, 3.61%], sarcomas [n=2, 2.40%] and mass on chest wall [n=l, 1.20%]. In general, the common adverse effects observed were neutropenia/pancytopenia/anemia [n=64, 77.10%], alopecia [n=51, 61.44%], nausea and vomiting [n=39, 46.98%], fatigue/anorexia [n=26, 31.32%], mouth sores [n=21, 25.30%], fever and chills [n=20, 24.09%] and diarrhea [n=12, 14.45%]. According to the three scales employed for ADRs assessment i.e. [WHO] causality assessment scale, Naranjo's Algorithm and modified Hartwig's and Siegel scale for preventability and severity of ADRs, the results are in close agreement with each other with respect to occurrence and severity of the ADRs. A number of ADRs are observed in various cancer patients receiving chemotherapy indicating high need of ADR monitoring and reporting. The problem of under-reporting of ADRs is a big issue and must not be overlooked
ABSTRACT
Domperidone is an anti-dopaminergic drug used for the treatment of nausea, vomiting and dyspepsia. It has also been used in Parkinson's disease. In this study, five different brands of Domeperidone tablets were selected from the local market for evaluation of their quality as the local market is occupied of many competitors for a single generic. The evaluation of Domperidone tablets was done using various pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial tests. All the test results fell within BP specified limits for all the selected brands i.e. the results for Brands A to E for weight variation, thickness and diameter were satisfactory and within limits. For Brands A to E, the results for hardness and friability were also satisfactory i.e. 4-10kg/cm2and 0.1-0.6% respectively. The results for Brands A to E for disintegration were 2-6 minutes; for dissolution and assay, the results were 89-92% and 95-99% respectively. The results of similarity factor [f[2]]also showed that all brands of Domperidone have comparative dissolution profiles
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to assess the effects of various excipients in 10 different Tizanidine hydrochloride tablet dosage forms that were prepared by direct compression method [DC]
Various excipients are available for DC method; we selected those excipients that are used commonly in tablet manufacturing
The excipients used included lactose anhydrous, di-basic calcium phosphate anhydrous, starch, talc, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone [PVP], silicon dioxide [Aerosil], stearic acid, magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose [Avicel]
These tablets were then evaluated by performing different pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial tests [i.e. diameter, hardness, thickness, weight variation, disintegration and assay]
It was observed that Formulations B, D and H of Tizanidine hydrochloride gave best results within USP specified limits for the tests employed among all the formulations whereas Formulations F and G showed poor friability, disintegration and dissolution profiles rendering starch in combination of talc and sodium carboxy- methyl cellulose unsuitable for Tizanidine hydrochloride tablet formulations
With the present approach, more studies can be designed using other active ingredients and excipients to get an optimal and cost effective product
ABSTRACT
Diabetes affects a large number of populations worldwide and the prevalence of this disease is rapidly increasing
Despite the availability of allopathic medications for diabetes, traditional remedies are desirable and are currently being investigated. Garlic [Allium sativum] has been reported to have antidiabetic activity. Evidences suggest that garlic has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiglycative properties due to which it plays an important role in preventing diabetes progression and the development of diabetes-related complications. Large scale clinical studies with diabetic patients have been carried out to confirm the usefulness of garlic in the treatment and prevention of this disease. This article briefly reviews on the above stated subjected and the papers have been collected from internet resources including Pubmed, American Journal of Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, Google Scholar and Journal of Medicinal Plant Research
ABSTRACT
The development of a formulation requires expertise during each manufacturing stage. Tablets are the most commonly used oral, solid dosage forms in which various excipients are used and various methods are employed for their preparation. Quality of tablets should fulfill certain specifications. If the formulations are not manufactured properly and are not optimized, they will not render the desired effects. This study shows the analysis and evaluation of various pharmaceutical parameters, i.e. thickness, hardness, weight variation, disintegration and dissolution, on different brands of cetirizine hydrochloride tablets available in the local market. Cetirizine hydrochloride is an orally administered drug used as anti-histaminic with almost no sedation. The analysis done can conveniently give a general survey of different brands of cetirizine hydrochloride tablets where the difference in parameters tested can relate to difference in the bioavailability of drugs